Flat parasitic worms are represented on our planet's fauna mainly by the digenetic plate (cats and bicarry liver) and tape worms (bulls and pork, wide tape, echinococcus).
The disease caused by them is called helminthias.The worm nutrients are absorbed by rotating holes or their body surface with osmosis.
A list of diseases
Helminthoses caused by flat helminths are classified according to various signs - methods of infection, number of owners, forms of life, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of a middle host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelmintosis,where worms do not require temporary owners.Worms for geo -Gogelminthiasis are localized in the human body, which is their last master.
- Biogelmintosis,Characterized by the fact that parasites, in addition to the main (end) host, also require mid.
- HimenolepidosisOr rather a helminthias, where parasites are sent from person to person.From the human body, parasites are distinguished by maturity, ready for further aggression.
Depending on the characteristics of development, pathogens are classified:
- by the method of intrusion;
- by the nature of life in the external environment;
- With values occupied in human pathology.
Invasia with cestods can occur in a variety of ways through the skin, when swallowing worm eggs, with insect carrier bites.Parasitic migration is often accompanied by violations of tissue and organs integrity.
IMPORTANT!Often, the cestod is located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths live in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Helminth's specific type of invasion often wears certain names.Here are some diseases caused by several types of flat parasites.
Teniarism is a disease that occurs during infection with a cow chain.Invasia is characterized by toxic manifestations and disruption of dispeptic.
Tusarinchosis belongs to biogelmintosis.That is, the bull tape worm has the finals (people) and the middle host (cow).Infections occur by entering the human body of worms when eating meat cooked wrong from infected animals.The parasite is localized to the intestine, binding to the wall with a suction cup, which at the same time damages integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tusarinchosis is often continued without symptoms.But in the case of severe lesions, the following manifestations of the disease occur:
- Dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- bad appetite;
- lots of saliva;
- Sensation of severity in epigastria;
- heartburn;
- vomit.
Teniosis is a helminthiasis caused by an infection with a pig chain.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes), and systemic disorders (dispepsia, violation of central nervous system function).
Pork worms are parasitic strip worms in one's small intestine.The part of the body, together with the eggs, secreted during bowel movements, is eaten by pigs, which hosts the middle for tape worms.In addition to pigs, the latter role can play tigers, dogs, rabbits, camels.Someone is the last of the last master of the helmint.
For information!They are infected with chains when using non -welded or fried pork, invasion through water and dirty hands is possible.
The clinical picture of the tapias is similar to the manifestation of teniarincosis, just more clearly.People infected with chains can fall into short fainting.In the form of tissue tissue and complicated tissue organs are influenced by egg worm tape with the formation of larvae larvae - cyst.Depending on the last localization, severe violations of heart and brain activity, vision (including complete blindness) is possible.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by tape worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
Invasi is growing with the participation of two owners:
- mid (omnivorous and herbivorous ungulates, people), where the form of the parasitizes helminth larva;
- The end (PS - Jackals, Wolves, Foxes), where adult worms are located.
Echinococcosis is sent to someone from animals, that is, they are in their type of zoone aggression.Infections occur through eggs in the hands, vegetables, fruits.
The disease shows itself in 2 forms:
- single -chamber (hydrate, cysticized);
- and multi -chamber echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is a process of formation of cysts (Finn) that arises in various organs - liver, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Perhaps the formation of metastasis resembles cancer.
Note!Clinics and severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their localization.The affected organs are subject to dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasitic metabolism products cause allergic toxic reactions.With the destroying cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Himenolepidosis
The disease is caused by dwarf tape worm - a relatively small helminth, if we compare it to other representatives of this class.
The tape worm has a small head, neck and body divided into experts.When the eggs enter the human body, they develop in the larvae attached to the villi to the intestinal wall.The larvae turns into a young individual (cystycecoids), which is the middle stage between the larvae and the adult helminth.
Cystacoid is a very dangerous dwarf life for its owners, as cysticemcoids can destroy the intestinal wall with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body responds to the loss of anemia and the signs of poisoning.
The eggs are laid on the adult worm tape.When the helminth reaches a certain length, some of the limbs with eggs break and out with stools.Other parts remain in the intestines and continue their life cycle.
Invasia by dwarf chains occurs when drinking dirty water, eating uninterrupted, vegetables and fruits, when wrinkles with hands where eggs, face and lips.
Hymenolepidosis is indicated by the following main symptoms:
- rapid weight loss;
- pain in the stomach;
- strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed based on the results of the analysis.Treatment is performed by synthetic drugs, doctors prescribe dosage and intake after examination of the patient and review the analysis data.
The main way to prevent infection is to adhere to hygiene: frequent hand washing and bathing, changing clothes, maintaining the bathroom with the help of effective disinfection.
Danger to humans
Invasias by Cestod (hymenolepidosis, diphyllobotriosis, tusiasis, cystycchosis, shadowirinchosis) are a very dangerous disease, full of threatening life complications.
It's worth knowing!Manifestations of helminthiasis can vary depending on the system and organs affected by the worm and the level of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, lack of behavior, paralysis, epileptic, hyperactivity can occur.Patients may have headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of Quincke edema, urticaria or food allergies often occur in response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed, indicated in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stupid or sharp pain in the stomach.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can develop.The result of a violation of the function of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a sharp weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypocromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to prevent infection, being in an environment where helminth eggs are common.No less important from the point of view Preventing intrusion is the right heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main proposal for prevention:
- Make sure you wash your hands when you get back from the road, before eating, after reference to natural needs.
- Eat only clean, well -washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled water or bottles.Even filtered water may contain parasitic eggs, not yet supplied from water supply without filtering.
- Avoid contact too close to pets - don't let them go into bed, don't kiss.Frequently check "our little sisters" for helminths, if necessary, contact the veterinary clinic.
- Wash the bed more frequently and underwear, especially babies.
- Maintain your immunity at the right level.This will allow the body to overcome its own helminthias.
- With the presence of conditions that create an increased risk of infection (business travel or tourist travel to exotic countries, living in groups where the risk of intrusion is high), use antigelminths prevention.But this must be done no more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, the medication is prescribed by the doctor individually.This is usually a tablet medicine.In worse cases, injection, dropper, irradiation are used.
Traditional medicine, with proper use, is also effective in combating helminthias.